Virginia Murphy-Berman received her PhD in clinical psychology from Northwestern University, and she completed postdoctoral training in law and psychology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. She has published over 50 articles and books in the area of psychology, with a special interest in social justice. For the past 12 years, she has been a professor in the psychology department at Skidmore College where she regularly taught a seminar on the topic of psychological theories of social justice. She has just recently retired.